Solution MINM.M10 Chris Black
There are an infinite number of possible answers. We want to find a vector $\colvector{x \\ y \\ z}$ so that the set \begin{align*} S = \set{ \begin{bmatrix} 1 \\ 3 \\ 1 \end{bmatrix}, \begin{bmatrix} 2 \\ 0 \\ 1 \end{bmatrix}, \begin{bmatrix} x \\ y \\ z \end{bmatrix} } \end{align*} is a linearly independent set. We need a vector not in the span of the first two columns, which geometrically means that we need it to not be in the same plane as the first two columns of $A$. We can choose any values we want for $x$ and $y$, and then choose a value of $z$ that makes the three vectors independent.

I will (arbitrarily) choose $x = 1$, $y = 1$. Then, we have \begin{align*} A = \begin{bmatrix} 1 & 2 & 1\\ 3 & 0 & 1 \\ 1 & 1 & z \end{bmatrix} &\rref \begin{bmatrix} \leading{1} & 0 & 2z-1 \\ 0 & \leading{1} & 1-z \\ 0 & 0 & 4 - 6z \end{bmatrix} \end{align*} which is invertible if and only if $4-6z \ne 0$. Thus, we can choose any value as long as $z \ne \frac{2}{3}$, so we choose $z = 0$, and we have found a matrix $A = \begin{bmatrix} 1 & 2 & 1\\ 3 & 0 & 1 \\ 1 & 1 & 0 \end{bmatrix}$ that is invertible.