Solution LDS.C55 Robert Beezer
Let $A$ be the matrix whose columns are the vectors in $T$. Then row-reduce $A$, \begin{equation*} A\rref B= \begin{bmatrix} \leading{1} & 0 & 0 & 2 \\ 0 & \leading{1} & 0 & -1 \\ 0 & 0 & \leading{1} & 1 \end{bmatrix} \end{equation*} From Theorem BS we can form $R$ by choosing the columns of $A$ that have the same indices as the pivot columns of $B$. Theorem BS also guarantees that $R$ will be linearly independent. \begin{equation*} R=\set{ \colvector{1 \\ -1 \\ 2},\, \colvector{3 \\ 0 \\ 1},\, \colvector{4 \\ 2 \\ 3} } \end{equation*} That was easy. To find $S$ will require a bit more work. From $B$ we can obtain a solution to $\homosystem{A}$, which by Theorem SLSLC will provide a nontrivial relation of linear dependence on the columns of $A$, which are the vectors in $T$. To wit, choose the free variable $x_4$ to be 1, then $x_1=-2$, $x_2=1$, $x_3=-1$, and so \begin{equation*} (-2)\colvector{1 \\ -1 \\ 2}+ (1)\colvector{3 \\ 0 \\ 1}+ (-1)\colvector{4 \\ 2 \\ 3}+ (1)\colvector{3 \\ 0 \\ 6} = \colvector{0\\0\\0} \end{equation*} this equation can be rewritten with the second vector staying put, and the other three moving to the other side of the equality, \begin{equation*} \colvector{3 \\ 0 \\ 1} = (2)\colvector{1 \\ -1 \\ 2}+ (1)\colvector{4 \\ 2 \\ 3}+ (-1)\colvector{3 \\ 0 \\ 6} \end{equation*} We could have chosen other vectors to stay put, but may have then needed to divide by a nonzero scalar. This equation is enough to conclude that the second vector in $T$ is “surplus” and can be replaced (see the careful argument in Example RSC5). So set \begin{equation*} S=\set{ \colvector{1 \\ -1 \\ 2},\, \colvector{4 \\ 2 \\ 3},\, \colvector{3 \\ 0 \\ 6} } \end{equation*} and then $\spn{S}=\spn{T}$. $T$ is also a linearly independent set, which we can show directly. Make a matrix $C$ whose columns are the vectors in $S$. Row-reduce $C$ and you will obtain the identity matrix $I_3$. By Theorem LIVRN, the set $S$ is linearly independent.