Solution ILT.C33 Chris Black
We have \begin{align*} \lt{T}{\vect{e}_1} &= \colvector{1\\0\\1\\1\\3} & \lt{T}{\vect{e}_2} &= \colvector{3\\1\\2\\0\\1} & \lt{T}{\vect{e}_3} &= \colvector{2\\1\\1\\1\\2} \end{align*} Apply Theorem LIVRN to test the linear independence of $T$. \begin{align*} \begin{bmatrix} 1 & 3 & 2\\ 0 & 1 & 1\\ 1 & 2 & 1\\ 1 & 0 & 1\\ 3 & 1 & 2 \end{bmatrix} &\rref \begin{bmatrix} \leading{1} & 0 & 0\\ 0 & \leading{1} & 0\\ 0 & 0 & \leading{1} \\ 0 & 0 & 0\\ 0 & 0 & 0 \end{bmatrix} \end{align*} so since $r = 3 = n$, the set of vectors $\set{\lt{T}{\vect{e}_1},\,\lt{T}{\vect{e}_2},\,\lt{T}{\vect{e}_3}}$ is linearly independent.