Solution CB.C41 Robert Beezer
Use a single basis for both the domain and codomain, since they are equal. \begin{equation*} B=\set{ \begin{bmatrix}1 & 0 \\ 0 & 0\end{bmatrix},\, \begin{bmatrix}0 & 1 \\ 1 & 0\end{bmatrix},\, \begin{bmatrix}0 & 0 \\ 0 & 1\end{bmatrix} } \end{equation*} The matrix representation of $Q$ relative to $B$ is \begin{equation*} M= \matrixrep{Q}{B}{B} = \begin{bmatrix} 25 & 18 & 30 \\ -16 & -11 & -20 \\ -11 & -9 & -12 \end{bmatrix} \end{equation*} We can analyze this matrix with the techniques of Section EE and then apply Theorem EER. The eigenvalues of this matrix are $\lambda=-2,\,1,\,3$ with eigenspaces \begin{align*} \eigenspace{M}{-2}&=\spn{\set{\colvector{-6\\4\\3}}} & \eigenspace{M}{1}&=\spn{\set{\colvector{-2\\1\\1}}} & \eigenspace{M}{3}&=\spn{\set{\colvector{-3\\2\\1}}} \end{align*} Because the three eigenvalues are distinct, the three basis vectors from the three eigenspaces for a linearly independent set (Theorem EDELI). Theorem EER says we can uncoordinatize these eigenvectors to obtain eigenvectors of $Q$. By Theorem ILTLI the resulting set will remain linearly independent. Set \begin{equation*} C=\set{ \vectrepinv{B}{\colvector{-6\\4\\3}},\, \vectrepinv{B}{\colvector{-2\\1\\1}},\, \vectrepinv{B}{\colvector{-3\\2\\1}} } = \set{ \begin{bmatrix}-6 & 4 \\ 4 & 3\end{bmatrix},\, \begin{bmatrix}-2 & 1 \\ 1 & 1\end{bmatrix},\, \begin{bmatrix}-3 & 2 \\ 2 & 1\end{bmatrix} } \end{equation*} Then $C$ is a linearly independent set of size 3 in the vector space $S_{22}$, which has dimension 3 as well. By Theorem G, $C$ is a basis of $S_{22}$.